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In A Companion to Priesthood and Holy Orders in the Middle Ages , a select group of scholars explain the rise and function of priests and deacons in the Middle Ages. Though priests were sometimes viewed through the lens of function, the medieval priesthood was also defined ontologically–those marked by God who performed the sacraments and confected the Eucharist. While their role grew in importance, medieval priests continued to fulfil the role of preacher, confessor and provider of pastoral care. As the concept of ordination changed theologically the practices and status of bishops, priests and deacons continued to be refined, with many of these medieval discussions continuing to the present day.

Monasticism and religious orders --- Priesthood --- Deacons --- Diaconate --- Church officers --- Clergy --- Deaconesses --- Christian priesthood --- Ordination --- Priests --- Church history --- History --- History.

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In 1964 a small group of African American men in Jonesboro, Louisiana, defied the nonviolence policy of the mainstream civil rights movement and formed an armed self-defense organization--the Deacons for Defense and Justice--to protect movement workers from vigilante and police violence. With their largest and most famous chapter at the center of a bloody campaign in the Ku Klux Klan stronghold of Bogalusa, Louisiana, the Deacons became a popular symbol of the growing frustration with Martin Luther King Jr.'s nonviolent strategy and a rallying point for a militant working-class movement in the South.Lance Hill offers the first detailed history of the Deacons for Defense and Justice, who grew to several hundred members and twenty-one chapters in the Deep South and led some of the most successful local campaigns in the civil rights movement. In his analysis of this important yet long-overlooked organization, Hill challenges what he calls'the myth of nonviolence--the idea that a united civil rights movement achieved its goals through nonviolent direct action led by middle-class and religious leaders. In contrast, Hill constructs a compelling historical narrative of a working-class armed self-defense movement that defied the entrenched nonviolent leadership and played a crucial role in compelling the federal government to neutralize the Klan and uphold civil rights and liberties.

African American civil rights workers --- Self-defense --- Political violence --- African Americans --- Civil rights movements --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Hand-to-hand fighting --- Martial arts --- Afro-American civil rights workers --- Civil rights workers, African American --- Civil rights workers --- History --- Political aspects --- Civil rights --- Black people --- Deacons for Defense and Justice --- Ku Klux Klan (1915- ) --- History. --- Southern States --- Louisiana --- Mississippi --- Race relations. --- Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (1915- ) --- K.K.K. (Ku Klux Klan (1915- )) --- KKK (Ku Klux Klan (1915- )) --- K.K.K.K. (Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (1915- )) --- KKKK (Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (1915- )) --- National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Association of America --- National Knights of the K.K.K. --- Invisible Empire --- Ku Klux Klan (19th century) --- J & D Club --- Jonesboro Legal and Defense Association --- Justice and Defense Club --- Louisiana (Province) --- Louisiana (Territory) --- Louisiane --- État de Louisiane --- Léta de la Lwizyàn --- Lwizyàn --- State of Louisiana --- US-LA --- La. --- Louisianne --- Territory of Louisiana --- District of Louisiana --- Luisiana --- West Florida --- Territory of Orleans